挖掘機配件常見的四大故障以及解決方法
Four Common Faults of Excavator Parts and Their Solutions
一、發(fā)動機故障
故障現(xiàn)象：發(fā)動機啟動困難，甚至無法啟動；工作過程中出現(xiàn)動力不足、冒黑煙等情況。
原因分析：可能是燃油系統(tǒng)堵塞，噴油嘴霧化不良；空氣濾清器堵塞，導(dǎo)致進氣不足；火花塞故障或點火時間不準確；發(fā)動機機械部件磨損嚴重等。
解決方法：清潔燃油系統(tǒng)，更換噴油嘴；清理或更換空氣濾清器；檢查火花塞，調(diào)整點火時間；對發(fā)動機進行拆解檢修，更換磨損的機械部件。
I. Engine Faults
Fault Phenomena: Difficult or even impossible to start the engine; insufficient power and black smoke during operation.
Cause Analysis: It may be due to a blocked fuel system, poor atomization of the injector; a blocked air filter, resulting in insufficient air intake; spark plug failure or inaccurate ignition timing; serious wear of engine mechanical parts, etc.
Solutions: Clean the fuel system and replace the injector; clean or replace the air filter; check the spark plug and adjust the ignition timing; disassemble and overhaul the engine and replace the worn mechanical parts.
二、液壓系統(tǒng)故障
故障現(xiàn)象：挖掘機動作緩慢、無力；液壓系統(tǒng)油溫過高；出現(xiàn)漏油現(xiàn)象。
原因分析：液壓泵磨損，導(dǎo)致輸出流量不足；液壓閥故障，無法正常調(diào)節(jié)壓力和流量；液壓缸密封件損壞，造成內(nèi)泄或外泄；液壓油污染或油量不足。
解決方法：更換磨損的液壓泵；維修或更換故障的液壓閥；更換液壓缸密封件；更換或補充液壓油，并定期進行過濾和檢測。
II. Hydraulic System Faults
Fault Phenomena: Slow and weak actions of the excavator; high oil temperature in the hydraulic system; oil leakage.
Cause Analysis: Wear of the hydraulic pump, resulting in insufficient output flow; hydraulic valve failure, unable to adjust pressure and flow normally; damage to the seals of the hydraulic cylinder, causing internal or external leakage; hydraulic oil contamination or insufficient oil volume.
Solutions: Replace the worn hydraulic pump; repair or replace the faulty hydraulic valve; replace the seals of the hydraulic cylinder; replace or replenish the hydraulic oil and regularly filter and test it.
三、行走系統(tǒng)故障
故障現(xiàn)象：挖掘機行走跑偏；行走時出現(xiàn)異常噪音；履帶松動或脫落。
原因分析：行走馬達故障，兩側(cè)輸出扭矩不一致；支重輪、托鏈輪等磨損嚴重；履帶張緊度不合適；驅(qū)動輪齒面磨損或損壞。
解決方法：維修或更換行走馬達；更換磨損的支重輪、托鏈輪等；調(diào)整履帶張緊度；修復(fù)或更換驅(qū)動輪。
III. Travel System Faults
Fault Phenomena: The excavator walks off - track; abnormal noise occurs during walking; the track is loose or falls off.
Cause Analysis: Failure of the travel motor, inconsistent output torque on both sides; serious wear of carrier wheels, idler wheels, etc.; improper track tension; wear or damage of the tooth surface of the drive sprocket.
Solutions: Repair or replace the travel motor; replace the worn carrier wheels, idler wheels, etc.; adjust the track tension; repair or replace the drive sprocket.
四、電氣系統(tǒng)故障
故障現(xiàn)象：挖掘機啟動時無反應(yīng)；燈光不亮或閃爍；儀表盤顯示異常。
原因分析：蓄電池電量不足或損壞；線路短路或斷路；傳感器故障；控制器故障。
解決方法：充電或更換蓄電池；檢查線路，修復(fù)短路或斷路處；更換故障傳感器；維修或更換控制器。
IV. Electrical System Faults
Fault Phenomena: No response when starting the excavator; lights are not on or flickering; abnormal display on the instrument panel.
Cause Analysis: Insufficient battery power or battery damage; short - circuit or open - circuit in the line; sensor failure; controller failure.
Solutions: Charge or replace the battery; check the line and repair the short - circuit or open - circuit; replace the faulty sensor; repair or replace the controller.
