發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是挖掘機(jī)的核心動(dòng)力源，它為整個(gè)設(shè)備提供運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)所需的動(dòng)力。常見(jiàn)的品牌有康明斯（Cummins）、五十鈴（Isuzu）等。不同型號(hào)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在功率、扭矩等參數(shù)上有所差異，以適配不同工作強(qiáng)度和工況的挖掘機(jī)。

燃油系統(tǒng)配件：包括燃油泵、噴油嘴、燃油濾清器等。燃油泵負(fù)責(zé)將燃油從油箱輸送到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，噴油嘴則將燃油精確地噴射到發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃燒室，而燃油濾清器能過(guò)濾燃油中的雜質(zhì)，保證燃油的清潔，確保發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。

Engine: The engine is the core power source of an excavator, providing the power required for the operation of the entire equipment. Common brands include Cummins, Isuzu, etc. Different models of engines vary in parameters such as power and torque to adapt to excavators with different working intensities and conditions.

Fuel System Parts: This includes fuel pumps, injectors, fuel filters, etc. The fuel pump is responsible for transporting fuel from the fuel tank to the engine, the injector precisely sprays fuel into the engine combustion chamber, and the fuel filter filters impurities in the fuel to ensure the cleanliness of the fuel and the stable operation of the engine.

液壓泵：將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換為液壓能，為液壓系統(tǒng)提供動(dòng)力。常見(jiàn)的有齒輪泵、柱塞泵等，不同類型的液壓泵在流量、壓力等方面有不同特點(diǎn)。

液壓缸：是液壓系統(tǒng)中的執(zhí)行元件，通過(guò)液壓油的壓力推動(dòng)活塞運(yùn)動(dòng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)挖掘機(jī)的各種動(dòng)作，如挖掘、提升、回轉(zhuǎn)等。

液壓閥：包括溢流閥、換向閥、節(jié)流閥等。溢流閥用于調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)壓力，防止壓力過(guò)高損壞設(shè)備；換向閥控制液壓油的流向，從而改變液壓缸的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向；節(jié)流閥則用于調(diào)節(jié)液壓油的流量，控制執(zhí)行元件的運(yùn)動(dòng)速度。

Hydraulic Pump: It converts the mechanical energy of the engine into hydraulic energy and provides power for the hydraulic system. Common types include gear pumps and piston pumps. Different types of hydraulic pumps have different characteristics in terms of flow rate and pressure.

Hydraulic Cylinder: It is an actuator in the hydraulic system. The piston is pushed to move by the pressure of the hydraulic oil, realizing various actions of the excavator, such as digging, lifting, and slewing.

Hydraulic Valves: This includes relief valves, directional control valves, throttle valves, etc. The relief valve is used to adjust the system pressure to prevent damage to the equipment due to excessive pressure; the directional control valve controls the flow direction of the hydraulic oil, thereby changing the movement direction of the hydraulic cylinder; the throttle valve is used to adjust the flow rate of the hydraulic oil and control the movement speed of the actuator.

履帶：挖掘機(jī)的行走裝置，分為橡膠履帶和鋼制履帶。橡膠履帶適用于對(duì)地面平整度要求較高且地面較軟的工況，如城市道路施工；鋼制履帶則更適合惡劣的施工環(huán)境，如礦山作業(yè)。

支重輪：支撐挖掘機(jī)的重量，并使履帶在地面上平穩(wěn)滾動(dòng)。它承受著較大的壓力和摩擦力，容易磨損，需要定期檢查和更換。

驅(qū)動(dòng)輪：與履帶嚙合，帶動(dòng)履帶轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)挖掘機(jī)的行走。驅(qū)動(dòng)輪的齒形和強(qiáng)度對(duì)挖掘機(jī)的行走性能有重要影響。

Tracks: The travel device of an excavator, which is divided into rubber tracks and steel tracks. Rubber tracks are suitable for working conditions with high requirements for ground flatness and soft ground, such as urban road construction; steel tracks are more suitable for harsh construction environments, such as mining operations.

Carrier Wheels: They support the weight of the excavator and make the tracks roll smoothly on the ground. They bear great pressure and friction and are prone to wear, so they need to be regularly inspected and replaced.

Drive Sprockets: They mesh with the tracks and drive the tracks to rotate, enabling the excavator to move. The tooth shape and strength of the drive sprocket have an important impact on the travel performance of the excavator.

挖斗：直接用于挖掘作業(yè)的部件，根據(jù)不同的工作需求，有不同的形狀和尺寸。如標(biāo)準(zhǔn)斗適用于一般的挖掘作業(yè)，而巖石斗則采用了更耐磨的材料，用于挖掘堅(jiān)硬的巖石。

斗齒：安裝在挖斗前端，是直接與物料接觸的部分，容易磨損。斗齒的材質(zhì)和形狀會(huì)影響挖掘效率和使用壽命。

連桿機(jī)構(gòu)：連接挖斗和挖掘機(jī)的主體結(jié)構(gòu)，通過(guò)它的運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)挖斗的挖掘、卸料等動(dòng)作。

Bucket: The part directly used for excavation work. It has different shapes and sizes according to different work requirements. For example, the standard bucket is suitable for general excavation work, while the rock bucket is made of more wear - resistant materials and is used for excavating hard rocks.

Bucket Teeth: Installed at the front end of the bucket, it is the part that directly contacts the material and is prone to wear. The material and shape of the bucket teeth will affect the excavation efficiency and service life.

Linkage Mechanism: It connects the bucket and the main structure of the excavator. Through its movement, the bucket can perform actions such as excavation and unloading.

蓄電池：為挖掘機(jī)的電氣設(shè)備提供電能，如啟動(dòng)電機(jī)、照明系統(tǒng)等。蓄電池的容量和性能會(huì)影響設(shè)備的啟動(dòng)性能和電氣系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行。

發(fā)電機(jī)：在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，將機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換為電能，為蓄電池充電并為電氣設(shè)備供電。

傳感器：包括油溫傳感器、水溫傳感器、壓力傳感器等，它們能實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)挖掘機(jī)各系統(tǒng)的工作狀態(tài)，并將數(shù)據(jù)傳輸給控制系統(tǒng)，以便及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)故障并采取措施。

Battery: It provides electrical energy for the electrical equipment of the excavator, such as the starting motor and lighting system. The capacity and performance of the battery will affect the starting performance of the equipment and the normal operation of the electrical system.

Generator: When the engine is running, it converts mechanical energy into electrical energy to charge the battery and supply power to the electrical equipment.

Sensors: This includes oil temperature sensors, water temperature sensors, pressure sensors, etc. They can monitor the working status of each system of the excavator in real - time and transmit data to the control system, so as to detect faults in time and take measures.